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| 1.2 OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE TO INDIA Trends in External Assistance to India Table 1: Trend in Utilisation of External Assistance to India, 1980-1998 (US$ Mio)
Source: Economic Survey (1998-99), Government of India
General trends in external assistance can be derived from the Economic-Survey (1998-99) of the Government of India, which captures loans and grants from bilateral and multilateral sources that are directly channelled through the Governments budget. Table 1 shows that the utilisation of external assistance stood at 2.7 billion US$ in 1980-81, peaked at 3.8 billion US$ in 1990-91 and has since shown a declining trend. Funding from bilateral sources accounted for 33.5% of the total external assistance received by India in 1997-98, multilateral sources for 66.5 %. Of the total external assistance utilised in 1997-98, loans accounted for 92.2 % and grants for 7.8%. These figures underestimate the grant component, as technical assistance which is directly administered by the Development Partner Organisations is not reflected. This is also the reason for the lack of data on UN assistance in this table. The latest data on ODA that also includes technical assistance is shown in table 2 below.
Table 2: Summary table of total development assistance in 1995 (latest year available)
Trends in UN System Development Assistance The largest source for UN Development Assistance to India is the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank Group, accounting for a range of 84 to 95 % of total UN assistance between 1991 and 1998 as shown in table 3 below. From a total of 1.5 billion US$ in 1991, total UN Development Assistance reached 3.5 billion US$ in 1993 and subsequently declined to 0.9 billion US$ in 1998. The same trend can be observed for UN Development Assistance excluding IDA. Part of the reason for the decline of funding of most UN organisations in the last two years can be attributed to the fact that major programmes such as UNDP, UNFPA and WFP embarked on a new programming cycle in 1997 or 1998. As is well known, programmes are usually formulated in the beginning of cycles and delivery tends to speed up after the first stage. Table 3: UN System Development Assistance (disbursements, in thousand US$)
Source: UNDP India Official Development Assistance (ODA) by type Table 4: ODA disbursements by type, 1995 (latest year available)
Source: UNDP India |
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